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Iran sets terms for US talks as Houthis step up attacks on Saudi Arabia

Day 204 | Iranians gather for biggest pro-government rally since war began

Maritime security monitoring agency United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO) announced that a commercial tanker was hit by an unknown projectile in the Strait of Hormuz.

The alert followed a statement from Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) asserting that its naval forces struck a Togo-flagged oil tanker as the vessel attempted an "illegal passage" through the strategic waterway.

In Tehran, tens of thousands of citizens—including individuals registered with volunteer paramilitary units alongside citizens seeking to enlist—assembled for a large pro-government rally.

The public gathering featured a military exhibition showcasing various military assets, including uncrewed aerial vehicles (drones) and specialized weaponry.

In Sanaa, tens of thousands of demonstrators took to the streets in a public show of support for the Houthi movement and in opposition to Saudi Arabia, occurring amid intensified combat operations across western Yemen.

Concurrently, official military spokespersons for the Yemeni government reported heavy armed engagements in the Al-Wazi’iyah district of southern Taiz province.

Government forces claimed that 30 Houthi fighters were killed and an additional 60 were wounded during the clashes.

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Read more: Day 205 | Iran sets conditions for US talks as Houthis target Saudi Arabia

Saudi-led coalition says Houthis fired ballistic missile at Riyadh

The Saudi-led coalition battling Yemen's Houthis said Saturday that the Iran-backed group fired a ballistic missile at Riyadh at dawn before it was intercepted and destroyed, after residents reported blasts in the Saudi capital.

"The Houthis also attempted to target civilians and civilian infrastructure in Bisha, Taif, Farasan, and Yanbu," a coalition spokesperson wrote on X, adding that the attacks "were thwarted by the Gulf monarchy's air defences".

VIDEO - Pro-govt Yemeni group releases footage of attacks on Houthis

A pro-government Yemeni armed group (Southern Giants Brigades) released aerial video footage showing targeted strikes on Houthi military positions and assets in Yemen.

The footage depicts several precision drone-dropped munitions striking targets across various locations, including military pick-up trucks, trench networks, and encampment structures.

Iran lays out conditions to return to talks with US

Iran’s top security official Mohsen Rezaei laid out his country’s conditions for returning to negotiations with the United States.

“Our conditions are ending the war on all fronts, releasing our frozen funds, and ending the naval blockade,” said Rezaei, who is Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council of Iran, according to Al-Jazeera.

He added that Tehran is awaiting a response from US President Donald Trump, amid consultations with Qatari and Pakistani mediators.

Nuclear policy

Rezaei said Iran had not decided to withdraw from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, but said the decision could depend on Washington's actions.

“The actions of the US and Israel allow us to withdraw from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,” he warned.

He said Tehran remained committed to a religious ruling issued by the late Supreme Leader against nuclear weapons and had not changed its nuclear doctrine.

Iran warns of stronger military response

Rezaei said Iran was prepared for what he described as a "decisive war" and warned that Tehran would strike US bases and American interests in the region with greater force if attacked.

He also said Iran had recently tested an anti-ship missile near a US aircraft carrier and claimed Tehran had identified weaknesses in the US military.

Iran executes man for spying on missile sites for Mossad

Iran’s judiciary announced on Saturday that it had carried out the death penalty against a man convicted of providing information on Iranian missile sites to ‘Israel’s’ Mossad intelligence service.

“The death penalty was carried out against Hossein Pedaran, who had provided the Mossad with information on missile sites in Isfahan province” in central Iran, judicial authorities said, without specifying when he was arrested or put on trial.

The judiciary-run Mizan news agency reported that Pedaran was hanged after the Supreme Court upheld his death sentence on charges of espionage and intelligence cooperation with ‘Israel’.

According to Iranian authorities, Pedaran supplied sensitive details about military sites in Isfahan and acted for financial gain.

Officials said technical investigations and decrypted communications indicated that some of the locations he described were later targeted during the 12-day war, with personnel killed or wounded.

A search of his home reportedly uncovered a notebook containing highly confidential missile-related information and several encrypted storage devices.

In statements cited by the judiciary, Pedaran allegedly first contacted the CIA seeking cooperation for money, received no reply, and then approached Mossad.

He claimed a handler identifying himself as “Ben” contacted him via a Dutch WhatsApp number.

Authorities said he provided reports on facilities, personnel, personal details including spouses’ phone numbers, and other operational information, and that Mossad had planned to supply him with a remote-control device capable of photographing and recording at military bases.

“What attracted them most were the missile launch points,” he was quoted as saying.

Pedaran reportedly received payments in euros on several occasions and later attempted to reestablish contact via Telegram after the fighting began, leading to his arrest.

Iranian media described the case as previously unreported in the press.

The execution forms part of a broader crackdown.

Iranian authorities have intensified arrests and executions linked to the ongoing conflict—which included strikes on missile and nuclear-related sites in Isfahan—and to earlier nationwide protests.
In August, the judiciary announced the execution of two other men accused of transmitting coordinates of sensitive military sites to ‘Israel’.

Rights groups note that Iran carries out the second-highest number of executions worldwide after China.

Isfahan province, home to key military and nuclear facilities, has been among the areas hardest hit during the conflict.

US says 1 billion barrels of crude passed through Hormuz in recent months

  • CENTCOM says more than one billion barrels of crude have passed through the Strait of Hormuz in recent months
  • CENTCOM chief Brad Cooper says US forces have supported more than 2,000 commercial ship transits

More than one billion barrels of crude oil have passed through the Strait of Hormuz in recent months with support from US Central Command forces, CENTCOM chief Adm. Brad Cooper said Saturday.

Cooper added that US forces had also provided coordinated protection for more than 2,000 commercial ship transits through the strategic waterway.

Update from CENTCOM Commander: pic.twitter.com/PTX6n9fn56

— U.S. Central Command (@CENTCOM) September 19, 2026

US says shipping activity is rising

"The volume of crude oil, cargo, and liquefied natural gas these past two weeks is higher than at any point in the past six months," Cooper said in a video statement.

He added that the primary shipping lanes through the strait were clear of mines and that thousands of vessels had passed through the waterway.

Cooper also said Iran had exported "zero barrels" of oil, attributing this to what he called a US "ironclad blockade."

“The effort is paying off. The volume of crude oil, cargo, and liquefied natural gas these past two weeks is higher than at any point in the past six months,” Cooper added.

The figures are part of Washington's broader effort to demonstrate that commercial shipping through the Strait of Hormuz is recovering despite continued military tensions with Iran.

Hormuz remains a key energy route

The Strait of Hormuz connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea.

The International Energy Agency says about 20 million barrels per day of crude and oil products passed through the strait in 2025, representing roughly 25% of global seaborne oil trade.

Independent shipping data has indicated that traffic remains below pre-war levels.

Black smoke, flames rising near Riyadh airport: AFP

Black smoke and flames rose near Riyadh's international airport on Saturday, as a flight tracking website reported cancellations and delays at the hub, hours after Saudi authorities issued an air raid alert.

Firefighters could be seen trying to extinguish the flames of a burnt out fuel tank emblazoned with the logo of the Saudi oil giant Aramco near the airport, according to an AFP journalist at the scene.

Tracking website FlightRadar24 reported "major problems" at the Saudi capital's Riyadh King Khalid International Airport, listing it under its maximum disruption index.

The disruption follows an overnight air raid alert issued by Saudi authorities, the first since fighting in neighbouring Yemen intensified this month.

Hours after the early morning alert, residents told AFP on condition of anonymity that they heard what sounded like another round of explosions echoing through parts of the Saudi capital.

"In the direction of the airport, we saw black smoke and fire," one resident told AFP, speaking on condition of anonymity.

Lightning offensive

Yemen's Houthis have staged a lightning offensive this month, seizing swathes of territory in one of the world's poorest countries, leaving the internationally recognised government, which is backed by Saudi Arabia, scrambling to respond.

Saudi Arabia itself, one of the region's powerhouses, has conducted scores of airstrikes on Houthi-held areas but failed to stop the advance.

This is the first time since Yemen's long-standing civil war resumed that it has threatened the Saudi capital, further shaking a global economy already under pressure by nearly seven months of war between the US and Iran.

"The area is under a hostile aerial threat," according to a message received just before 3:00 am by Riyadh residents, urging them to stay indoors.

AFP journalists then heard two explosions, before the Saudi civil defence agency lifted the alert half an hour later.

Saudi Arabia has not commented on the threat mentioned in the warnings sent overnight to residents of several regions and has not identified where it originated from.

The incident comes days after Riyadh accused the Houthis of targeting Mecca on Wednesday, denouncing it as a "cowardly terrorist attack" on Islam's holy city, which welcomes millions of pilgrims each year, both Sunnis and Shias.

The Iran-backed Houthis strongly denied the accusation, calling it a "worn-out lie".

The group has reported scores of retaliatory strikes carried out daily by Riyadh since their offensive this month to take over the country's entire Red Sea coast, giving them control over the vital Bab al-Mandab strait.

Riyadh was targeted with waves of attacks during an earlier period of the war, including a drone strike on the US embassy in the capital's diplomatic quarter in March.

On Thursday, Washington approved a $24.3 billion sale of 48 F-35 fighter jets to the kingdom to help Riyadh "deter current and future threats", the US State Department said.

Reduced Saudi exports

The United Nations said on Friday that the renewed fighting had displaced more than 112,000 people while nearly 3,000 others had fled across the sea to Djibouti.

War in Yemen broke out in 2014 when the Houthis seized control of the capital Sanaa and other regions, triggering a military intervention led by Saudi Arabia in March 2015.

The fragile truce reached in 2022 between the warring parties collapsed in July, when the Houthis defied Riyadh's control of Yemeni airspace by allowing an Iranian aircraft to land in Yemen.

Their recent takeover of the coastline has sparked global concern, with international maritime trade already impacted by Iran's imposition of a blockade on the Strait of Hormuz since the Middle East war erupted in late February.

The Houthis insist there is no threat to shipping in the sea lane -- except for ships from Saudi Arabia, the world's leading crude exporter.

The attack targeting Riyadh came as the Houthis improve their defences in newly conquered territory along Yemen's Red Sea coastline, with members of the group telling AFP they have been installing radar and digging tunnels.

Two separate Houthi sources told AFP that Iranian Revolutionary Guards had visited the area in recent days.

Figures from maritime tracking firm Kpler showed that Saudi exports via the Bab al-Mandab strait had dropped since July, although five loaded ships had passed through in the last week.

Aramco fuel tank near Riyadh airport on fire: AFP

An Aramco fuel tank near Riyadh's international airport was on fire Saturday, according to AFP, after people in the city reported hearing explosions and saw smoke rising near the airport.

Firefighters could be seen trying to extinguish the flames of a burnt out fuel tank with the Saudi oil giant Aramco logo appearing on the structure.

It is still unclear what caused the incident.

Iran FM says Middle East security cannot be imposed from abroad

  • He argued that ignoring international law when great powers' interests demand it undermines any claim to the rule of law.
  • He warned that if bodies like the UN fail to stand up to aggression and hold perpetrators accountable, their credibility and legitimacy will suffer.
  • He said the world needs "multilateralism more than ever."

Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said Saturday that, "Sustainable security in the Middle East cannot be dictated from outside the region.”

Araghchi made the remarks in a virtual address at Indonesia's Global Town Hall 2026. He focused first on the state of international law, warning that applying it selectively empties it of meaning. "If international law is ignored when the interests of great powers demand it, then there can be no talk of the rule of law," he said.

He added that global bodies such as the United Nations put their own standing at risk when they fail to act. If they "fail to stand up to aggression and hold perpetrators of international law accountable," he said, "it is natural that the credibility and legitimacy of these institutions will suffer."

Against that backdrop, Araghchi stressed that the world needs "multilateralism more than ever."

He also turned to the human cost of conflict. "We must accept that every war has a cost far beyond the battlefield," he said. Taxpayers foot the bill for wars, he noted, but ordinary people pay the heaviest price, in lives, blood, homes, futures and security.

Araghchi closed by setting out what he sees as the alternative to foreign involvement. "We believe that sustainable security can be achieved through dialogue, trust-building, cooperation, and mutual respect among the countries of the region, not through the military presence of foreign powers and the imposition of their will," he concluded.

Read more: Iran’s acting defense minister says women are vital to defense industry

Iran, Pakistan FMs hold talks on regional developments

  • This comes amid news that Iran is seeking restoration of the Islamabad memorandum of understanding.

Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi held a telephone conversation with Pakistani Foreign Minister Mohammad Ishaq Dar, Tasnim news agency reported.

According to Iranian media citing the Foreign Ministry, the two officials exchanged views on matters of shared concern to their countries and reviewed the most recent developments in the wider region.

Pakistan's Foreign Ministry later gave its own account of the call in a statement from Dar's office in Islamabad. It said the two ministers had discussed recent regional developments, and that Dar emphasized the need for uninterrupted energy supplies and for the safe and swift passage of ships. He noted that disruptions in these areas carry particular consequences for developing countries and for global supply chains.

Dar also reiterated Pakistan's position that dialogue and diplomacy are the only workable path to peace and stability in the region, according to the statement.

The two sides agreed to keep up close cooperation and to meet in person in New York on the sidelines of the 81st session of the UN General Assembly.

Read more: Iran, Qatar hold Hormuz talks as US blockade chokes Iran oil imports

Tehran says efforts underway to restore Islamabad agreement

  • Iran's Interior Ministry says diplomatic efforts and international mediation to return to the Islamabad agreement are continuing.
  • Tehran wants the other party to meet its commitments under the deal.
  • The agreement was approved by senior Iranian officials, including Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei.
  • The government points to the president's attendance at the Shanghai and BRICS meetings, along with intensive consultations, as evidence of active diplomacy.

Iran's Interior Ministry said on Saturday that work is under way to bring the Islamabad memorandum of understanding back on track.

Ali Zeynivand, a spokesperson for the Interior Ministry, said that "efforts and international diplomatic mediations to resolve issues and return to the Islamabad agreement are ongoing."

Speaking at a news briefing, as reported by the semi-official Tasnim news agency, Zeynivand said Tehran expects the counterparty to honor its side of the deal. Iran wants "the other party adhere to its commitments in this agreement," he said.

He added that the agreement had been approved at the top levels of the Iranian state, including by Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei.

Zeynivand also pointed to the president's international schedule as part of the effort. "Active diplomacy continues with the president's participation in the Shanghai and BRICS meetings in India and Kyrgyzstan, and through intensive consultations," he said.

Background

The Islamabad Memorandum of Understanding was signed on June 18, 2026. It is a 14-point agreement that extended an April ceasefire by 60 days to give both sides time to negotiate a final truce.

Pakistan mediated the deal. As a first step, Iran was to reopen the Strait of Hormuz and the United States was to lift its naval blockade.

The deal did not last. It collapsed in July after the US attacked Iran, accusing it of firing on commercial vessels in the strait.

Iran denied the claim and retaliated by striking US bases in the Gulf. Reporting from late August says the two sides had gone weeks without trading attacks, but peace talks remained stalled amid continued threat.

Tehran has kept pressing Washington to comply. On Aug. 24, Iran's lead negotiator, Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, told Pakistan's army chief and interior minister in Tehran that the US must adhere to its commitments under the deal.

Another Iranian official said the memorandum had been violated by both the United States and ‘Israel’ "from day one".

In early September, a different official said Iran would respond according to circumstances if the other side did not return to the memorandum.

Read more: Turkey says Gulf attacks undermine peace efforts

EU condemns Houthi attacks as “unacceptable”

  • The EU delegation to Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Oman condemned Houthi attacks saying they are "unacceptable and undermine the global economy."
  • The delegation says it has been in contact with Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud about ending the fighting in Yemen and restoring freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz.

The delegation of the European Union to Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Oman has condemned on Saturday Houthi attacks in a post on X, stating that they are "unacceptable and undermine the global economy."

The delegation, which is located in Riyadh, also disclosed that it has been in communication with Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud, the foreign minister of Saudi Arabia.

According to the delegation, the discussions have focused on ending the fighting in Yemen and restoring freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz.

هجمات الحوثيين على السعودية غير مقبولة وتقوض الاقتصاد العالمي.

— EU in the GCC (@EUintheGCC) September 18, 2026
تحدثت مع @FaisalbinFarhan بشأن الجهود الدبلوماسية الرامية إلى إنهاء القتال في اليمن واستعادة حرية الملاحة في مضيق هرمز. ويجب أن تكون حركة الملاحة البحرية من دون عوائق ومن دون فرض رسوم. https://t.co/1IfUwaclkQ

The Houthi attacks flared up again, shortly after the US-Iran ceasefire unraveled, when Houthi missiles hit Saudi oil facilities and tankers and ended a fragile four-year truce with the kingdom.

The escalation peaked on a Tuesday earlier this month, when the Houthis fired what they described as dozens of ballistic missiles and drones at civilian and economic sites in Abha, Khamis Mushait, Jazan and Najran, wounding at least 73 people, including women and children.

The Houthis said this was retaliation for more than 100 Saudi airstrikes in Yemen over the previous three days.

Oil prices rose more than 1% afterward, as traders feared for Saudi exports through the Red Sea, where Riyadh has rerouted most of its crude through the port of Yanbu because the Strait of Hormuz is effectively shut.

An EU spokesperson also condemned a recent attack targeting Mecca.

The EU's Red Sea naval mission, Operation Aspides, has raised the alert level of its vessels as the situation worsened.

Iran executes man accused of spying for ‘Israel’

  • The man allegedly gave the Mossad information on military sites.

Iran has executed a man convicted of spying for ‘Israel’, Iranian media reported Saturday.

Hossein Pedaran was arrested and tried on charges of espionage, accused of sending sensitive and classified information about military sites and missiles in Isfahan to the Mossad.

He was put to death after the Supreme Court confirmed the verdict.

The report alleges that Pedaran contacted the ‘Israeli’ intelligence service for financial reasons.

It claims he gave the Mossad information on military sites, personnel and missile launch points.

A search of his home reportedly turned up a notebook containing "top secret" information.

The report further claims that the material he sent could have been used to strike sites in Iran during the 12-day war.

Espionage for ‘Israel’ is a capital offense in Iran, and authorities have stepped up prosecutions and executions of alleged Mossad collaborators, particularly since the 12-day war.

Read more: Turkey dismantles ‘Israel’-linked international fraud ring

Saudi-led coalition commander says maritime security is a shared responsibility

  • Major General Abdullah Al-Shahri, commander of the Multinational Maritime Defense Coalition (MMDC), said protecting international waterways is an international responsibility.
  • He spoke after the coalition's fourth planning meeting concluded in Jeddah on Friday.
  • The MMDC announced it has reached initial operational capability.

The commander of the Multinational Maritime Defense Coalition (MMDC) said Friday that safeguarding the world's shipping lanes is a shared duty of the international community, as the alliance announced a major milestone in its development.

Major General Abdullah Al-Shahri spoke to reporters after the coalition's fourth planning meeting concluded in Jeddah. "Protection of the international waterways is an international responsibility," he said.

Al-Shahri announced that the coalition has reached initial operational capability. "Today, we announce the accomplishment of the initial operation capability of the MMDC," he said, adding a warning aimed at anyone who might disrupt commercial shipping: "Any threat to the international maritime security will be deterred."

The MMDC is a 14-country military alliance formed in July to keep the waterways surrounding the Arabian Peninsula open to international traffic. Its area of concern includes the Gulf of Aden, the Strait of Mandeb, and the Red Sea, which together form one of the world's most important maritime corridors.

Friday's announcement marks the coalition's first formal step from planning toward readiness. The commander's remarks also signal that the alliance sees its mission as serving global commerce and security, not only the interests of its member states.

Read more: Trump claims permanent security control over Greenland

WSJ reveals unrecorded US military fatalities amid Iran war

  • Officials state 22 to 23 US service members have died in the Middle East since February 28, exceeding the 18 listed on the Pentagon's database.
  • The disparity includes deaths tied to regional operations during ongoing hostilities and three contractor fatalities, sparking internal criticism over reporting transparency.
  • War costs reached $43.6 billion through early September, with over 820 service members wounded and US munition stocks heavily strained.

More American service members have died in the Middle East during the ongoing conflict with Iran than the Pentagon has publicly disclosed, according to six US officials familiar with internal War Department casualty accounting data who spoke exclusively to The Washington Post.

Five of the officials stated that at least 22 military fatalities have occurred—four more than the 18 listed in the Pentagon’s official public database, the Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAS).

A sixth official confirmed that 23 service members have died since February 28, when the Trump administration initiated combat operations in concert with 'Israel'.

While not all undisclosed deaths were directly caused by combat, they involved personnel stationed in the region during active hostilities.

The sixth official added that three US contractors based in the Middle East have also died since operations began.

Officials speaking on condition of anonymity expressed frustration that the additional loss of life is not reflected in the Pentagon's public portal, which currently lists 14 deaths under Operation Epic Fury and four under Overseas Operations following a collapsed July ceasefire.

The Pentagon declined to address questions regarding the accounting discrepancy.

Exclusions and operational reclassifications spark transparency concerns

Proper casualty accounting directly impacts line-of-duty investigations, which determine survivor benefit eligibility for service members' families.

Earlier this year, the administration faced scrutiny after temporarily excluding four fallen service members from the public database while reclassifying renewed hostilities as "Overseas Operations" instead of "Operation Epic Fury."

The public database also excludes by name two service members who died during separate regional missions at bases subject to Iranian attacks:

  • Sgt. Devin Seibel: Died May 31 in Irbil, Iraq, in a training accident under Operation Inherent Resolve; his name is absent from the DCAS Inherent Resolve list.
  • Maj. Sorffly Davius: Died March 6 in Kuwait following an unspecified medical emergency under Operation Spartan Shield.

More than 820 US service members have been wounded in action since combat began, with many suffering traumatic brain injuries from Iranian counterstrikes on regional bases.

Escalating pressure ahead of midterms

According to a US Central Command document reviewed by The Washington Post, the war cost approximately $43.6 billion through early September, including $28 billion in expended munitions, excluding physical damage to US bases.

High-ranking military leaders have privately warned War Secretary Pete Hegseth that sustained large-scale operations against Iran are unsustainable and risk compromising readiness elsewhere.

The conflict has also severely impacted global energy markets due to Iran's closure of the Strait of Hormuz.

Public opposition continues to grow ahead of the November midterm elections, with a September Reuters-Ipsos poll showing 62 percent of Americans disapprove of Trump's handling of Iran, compared to 28 percent who approve.

On Tuesday, seven Republican lawmakers joined Democrats to pass a war powers resolution aimed at halting the conflict.

Concurrently, Rep. Thomas Massie (R-KY) introduced a maneuver to force a House vote on impeaching War Secretary Hegseth over alleged War Powers Resolution violations, while a group of House Democrats, led by Reps. Pat Ryan and Jason Crow, introduced legislation to prevent the Pentagon from altering troop casualty data.

Senate Democrats have pledged formal investigations into casualty notifications if they take the majority after the midterms.

Trump signs sweeping Russia, Iran sanctions bill into law

  • US President Trump signed H.R. 5334, the "Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026," codifying expanded statutory measures against both nations.
  • The law expands primary and secondary sanctions against Russian actors, targets its "shadow fleet," and authorizes presidential tariffs of up to 100% on the top foreign purchasers of Russian oil and gas.
  • The legislation formally extends and reinforces the Iran Sanctions Act through 2031.

US President Donald Trump signed into law H.R. 5334, formally known as the "Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026," the White House announced.

The legislation establishes a broader statutory framework that regulates and expands economic sanctions, trade tariffs, and commercial prohibitions against Russia while extending pre-existing sanctions targeting Iran.

Named in honor of the late Senator Lindsey Graham, who co-authored the measure, the law gives the White House explicit congressional authority to penalize foreign entities and foreign governments that maintain trade relationships with Moscow or assist in circumventing existing restrictions.

Law grants expanded over sanctions evasion

Under the provisions of the newly enacted statute, the administration receives expanded authority to target foreign individuals, military networks, and financial institutions involved in supplying Russia's defense sector or evading international sanctions.

The law specifically targets Russia's global maritime transportation, including its "shadow fleet" of oil tankers used to export crude oil.

Furthermore, the legislation grants the executive branch discretionary authority to impose tariffs of up to 100% on imported goods from the top international buyers of Russian oil and natural gas.

Regarding Iran, the law formally codifies the extension of existing sanctions regimes, maintaining financial and trade restrictions against Tehran alongside the expanded measures directed at Russia.

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Read more: Day 203 | Iran war spreads to Yemen, as Trump hopes for an end soon